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Peter Arthur Diamond (born , 1940) is an American economist known for his analysis of U.S. Social Security policy and his work as an advisor to the Advisory Council on Social Security in the late 1980s and 1990s. He was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 2010, along with Dale T. Mortensen and Christopher A. Pissarides. He is an Institute Professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. On June 6, 2011 he withdrew his nomination to serve on the Federal Reserve’s board of governors, citing intractable Republican opposition for 14 months.〔(Nobel Laureate Diamond Withdraws Nomination to Fed Board ), Joshua Zumbrun, ''Bloomberg News'', June 6, 2011〕 == Origins, education and career == Diamond was born to a Jewish family in New York City.〔(Jewish Virtual Library ): "Peter Diamond" retrieved January 11, 2014〕〔()〕〔()〕 His grandparents immigrated to the U.S. at the turn of the 20th century. His mother's parents and six older siblings came from Poland. His father's parents met in New York, she came from Russia and he came from Romania. His parents, both born in 1908, grew up in New York and never lived outside the metropolitan area. Both finished high school and went to work, his father studying at Brooklyn Law School at night while selling shoes during the day. They married in 1929. He has one brother, Richard, born in 1934.〔(Autobiography ), Nobel Prize Official Site〕 He started public school in the Bronx, and switched to suburban public schools in the second grade when the family moved to Woodmere, on Long Island. He eventually graduated school from Lawrence High School. He earned a bachelor's degree ''summa cum laude'' in mathematics from Yale University (1960), and a Ph.D. at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1963).〔(MIT Curriculum Vitae )〕 He was an assistant professor at the University of California, Berkeley, from 1964 to 1965 and an acting associate professor there before joining the MIT faculty as an associate professor in 1966.〔 Diamond was promoted to full professor in 1970, served as head of the Department of Economics in 1985–86 and was named an Institute Professor in 1997.〔 In 1968, Diamond was elected a fellow and served as President of the Econometric Society.〔 In 2003, he served as president of the American Economic Association.〔 He is a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1978), a Member of the National Academy of Sciences (1984), and is a Founding Member of the (National Academy of Social Insurance ) (1988).〔 Diamond was the 2008 recipient of the Robert M. Ball Award for Outstanding Achievements in Social Insurance, awarded by NASI.〔〔(National Academy of Social Insurance – Conferences & Events )〕 As a Fulbright Distinguished Chair, in 2000 he taught Economics at the University of Siena. Diamond wrote a book on Social Security with Peter R. Orszag, President Obama's former director of the Office of Management and Budget,〔Chan, Sewell, ("White House Identifies 3 as Likely Picks for Fed Posts" ), ''The New York Times'', , 2010 . Retrieved March 12, 2010.〕 titled ''Saving Social security: a balanced approach'' (2004,-5, Brookings Institution Press).〔(Book overview ) Google Books listing. Retrieved March 12, 2010.〕 An earlier paper from Brookings Institution introduced their ideas.〔("Saving Social Security: The Diamond-Orszag Plan" ) by Peter A. Diamond and Peter R. Orszag, Apr. 2005, Brookings Web site. PDF download of paper available. Retrieved March 12, 2010.〕 In April 2010, Diamond, along with Janet Yellen and Sarah Bloom Raskin, was nominated by President Barack Obama to fill the vacancies on the Federal Reserve Board. Ben Bernanke, current Chairman of the Fed and Chairman at the time of the nomination, was once a student of Diamond. In August 2010, the Senate returned Diamond's nomination to the White House, effectively rejecting his nomination. President Obama renominated him in September.〔Chan, Sewell, ("Two Are Confirmed for Fed's Board" ), ''The New York Times'', , 2010 (also on p. B3 NY ed.). Retrieved October 11, 2010.〕 In October 2010, Diamond was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences, along with Dale T. Mortensen from Northwestern University and Christopher A. Pissarides from the London School of Economics "for their analysis of markets with search frictions".〔(The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2010 Peter A. Diamond, Dale T. Mortensen, Christopher A. Pissarides ), official web site〕 In June 2011, following a third round of consideration for the Fed seat, Diamond wrote in a ''New York Times'' op-ed column that he planned to withdraw his name. In the column, he strongly criticized the nomination process and "partisan polarization" in Washington, saying he was effectively blocked by Republicans on the Senate Banking Committee. He also detailed the consideration process, saying that in the first and second rounds, three Republicans had favored his confirmation. In the third, when his name was resubmitted in January 2011, the Republicans all followed ranking minority member Shelby (R, Alabama) in voting against it. Diamond continued, quoting Shelby: “Does Dr. Diamond have any experience in conducting monetary policy? No,” () said in March. “His academic work has been on pensions and labor market theory.” But (began his reply, in the column ) understanding the labor market—and the process by which workers and jobs come together and separate—is critical to devising an effective monetary policy.Diamond went on to discuss how his expertise would, he felt, have benefited the central bank and his opinion that "()killed analytical thinking should not be drowned out by mistaken, ideologically driven views."〔Diamond, Peter A., ("When a Nobel Prize Isn’t Enough" ), ''The New York Times'', June 5, 2011. Retrieved June 6, 2011.〕 In a statement, Shelby "wouldn’t be drawn into a public spat with the nominee," saying simply "I have said many times that I commend Dr. Diamond’s talent and career. I wish him the best in the future."〔Robb, Greg, ("Diamond exits fight for Fed board seat" ), ''MarketWatch'', June 6, 2011, 11:55 a.m. EDT. Retrieved May 7, 2011.〕 Andrei Shleifer and Emmanuel Saez are two of his doctoral supervisees have won the John Bates Clark Medal for the best American Economist under 40 Diamond has been married to Kate (Priscilla Myrick) since 1966.〔http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economics/laureates/2010/diamond.html〕 They have two sons. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Peter Diamond」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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